Discrete dipole approximation for calculating extinction and Raman intensities for small particles with arbitrary shapes

We present a discrete dipole approximation ~DDA! method to determine extinction and Raman intensities for small metal particles of arbitrary shape. The Raman intensity calculation involves evaluation of surface electromagnetic fields, and thus is relevant to surface enhanced Raman scattering ~SERS! intensities. We demonstrate convergence of the method by considering light absorption and scattering from an isolated spheroid, from an isolated tetrahedron, from two coupled spheroids, and from a spheroid on a flat surface. We also examine comparisons with traditional T-matrix methods. Extensions and simplifications of the method in studies of clusters and arrays of particles are presented. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.